Mount vesuvius what type of volcano

Map: Where is Vesuvius? Plaster casts: Victims of the 79 A. Ruins at the ancient city of Pompeii Brick columns stand among ruins of the ancient city of Pompeii. Did You Know? The 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius is why volcanologists use "Plinian" to describe large volcanic eruption clouds.

Pliny the Younger, a Roman historian who witnessed the 79 AD eruption, wrote the oldest surviving description of the tall, tree-shaped cloud that rose above the volcano. Modern volcanologists use the term to describe large-volume, violent eruptions that produce quickly-expanding clouds of rock, ash and gases which rise many miles into the atmosphere. Some more recent examples of Plinian eruptions include Mount St. Helens in and Pinatubo in Here is Pliny's description Its general appearance can be best expressed as being like an umbrella pine, for it rose to a great height on a sort of trunk and then split off into branches, I imagine because it was thrust upwards by the first blast and then left unsupported as the pressure subsided, or else it was borne down by its own weight so that it spread out and gradually dispersed.

Sometimes it looked white, sometimes blotched and dirty, according to the amount of soil and ashes it carried with it. Gates, A. Wortel, M. Review full text upon subscription. Spatter Cones Mount St. Find Other Topics on Geology. Maps Volcanoes World Maps. Facts About Mount Vesuvius. Etna Stromboli. Where Are the Canary Islands? Spatter Cones. Mount St. Helens - 30 Years. The energy release distribution figure 2 has a sharp peak coinciding with the earthquakes; the strain release curve also recorded two clear steps at these times.

During May-August , the permanent seismic network of the Osservatorio Vesuviano recorded microearthquakes, the strongest one had M 2. The events belonging to this sequence affected an extremely reduced volume below the crater area at shallow depth, with hypocenters rarely exceeding 6 kilometers below the sea.

No changes in ground deformation or fumarolic gas composition were reported in the last field measurements. During late through early Somma-Vesuvius remained volcanically quiet and characterized by low seismicity both in terms of energy and number of events.

A few episodes of moderate seismic activity have occurred in the last twenty years. The crisis of March-May , characterized by an M 3.

After the crisis, during June April , microearthquakes maximum magnitude, 2. As has been typical in the past, foci appeared in a small volume below the crater area, rarely at depths below 6 km.

During January April the monthly temporal distribution of both earthquakes and their energy fluctuated, as had been the case in the past. The distribution of the cumulative strain release figure 3 had its regular trend, disturbed only by the seismic crisis of March-May Both ground deformation and fumarolic gas composition data remained stable. This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name.

In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided. One of the world's most noted volcanoes, Vesuvius Vesuvio forms a dramatic backdrop to the Bay of Naples. The historically active cone of Vesuvius was constructed within a large caldera of the ancestral Monte Somma volcano, thought to have formed incrementally beginning about 17, years ago.

The Monte Somma caldera wall has channeled lava flows and pyroclastic flows primarily to the south and west. Eight major explosive eruptions have taken place in the last 17, years, often accompanied by large pyroclastic flows and surges, such as during the well-known 79 CE Pompeii eruption. Intermittent eruptions since 79 CE were followed by a period of frequent long-term explosive and effusive eruptions between and The large eruption produced pyroclastic flows that reached as far as the coast and caused great destruction.

Many towns are located on the volcano's flanks, and several million people live within areas that could be affected by eruptions.

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography. Alfano G B, Friedlander I, La Storia del Vesuvio. Naples: K Holm, 71 p, plates. Andronico D, Cioni R, Contrasting styles of Mount Vesuvius activity in the period between the Avellino and Pompeii plinian eruptions, and some implications for assessment of future hazards.

Bull Volcanol , Violent strombolian and subplinian eruptions at Vesuvius during post activity. The Pomici de Base plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius. Study of the sub-surface structure of Somma-Vesuvius Italy by seismic reflection data. Pyroclastic deposits as a guide for reconstructing the multi-stage evolution of the Somma-Vesuvius caldera. Variability of the eruption dynamics during a subplinian event: the Greenish Pumice eruption of Somma-Vesuvius Italy.

Civetta L, Santacroce R, Steady state magma supply in the last years of Vesuvius activity. Acta Vulc , 2: La storia eruttiva del complesso vulcanico Somma Vesuvio ricostruita dalle successioni piroclastiche del Monte Somma.

Rendiconti Soc Italiana Min Petr , The late Pleistocene pyroclastic deposits of the Campanian Plain: new insights into the explosive activity of Neapolitan volcanoes. Towards a reconstruction of the magmatic feeding system of the eruption of Mt Vesuvius. Green J, Short N M, New York: Springer-Verlag, p.

Complex changes in eruptive dynamics during the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Pyroclastic flow hazard assessment at Somma-Vesuvius based on the geological record. Imbo G, Katsui Y ed , List of the World Active Volcanoes.

Volc Soc Japan draft ms , limited circulation , p. The A. Long-term volcanic hazard forecasts based on Somma-Vesuvio past eruptive activity. Shallow and deep reservoirs involved in magma supply of the eruption of Vesuvius. The Avellino yr-B. Proc Nat Acad Sci , Volcanism offshore of Vesuvius volcano in Naples Bay. Principe C, Marini L, Evolution of the Vesuvius magmatic-hydrothermal system before the 16 December eruption.

Chronology of Vesuvius' activity from A. The 79 AD eruption of Somma: the relationship between the date of the eruption and the southeast tephra dispersion. The interplinian activity at Somma-Vesuvius in the last years.

Volcanic hazards of Vesuvius Italy. Bull BRGM , 4: Age and whole rock-glass compositions of proximal pyroclastics from the major explosive eruptions of Somma-Vesuvius: a review as a tool for distal tephrochronology. Persistent activity and violent strombolian eruptions at Vesuvius between and The Pomici di Avellino eruption of Somma-Vesuvius 3. Part II: sedimentology and physical volcanology of pyroclastic density current deposits. Part I: stratigraphy, compositional variability and eruptive dynamics.

A complex, subplinian-type eruption from low-viscosity, phonolitic to tephri-phonolitic magma: the AD Pollena eruption of Somma-Vesuvius. Petrogenesis of Vesuvius historical lavas constrained by Pearce element ratios analysis and experimental phase equilibria. A possible link to the Campi Flegrei system has been suggested.

The Bay of Naples and the two volcanoes under study. Overview of the cumulative deformation retrieved by exploiting SAR data acquired by radar satellites from to and structural information after Bianco et al. Green dots show radar pixels with little deformation, whereas red dots represent pixels with displacement values equal or larger than 10 cm.

Note also the deforming girdle to the North of Vesuvius. The map shows the descending orbit data. Close up views of the two volcanic centers of Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius. Time series for pixels located in the Campi Flegrei caldera Pozzuoli harbor area and at Vesuvius summit cone area.

The long-term subsidence at both volcanoes is interrupted by short-term uplift periods, as in and , suggesting a possibly correlated activity. Time series is shown for ascending and descending data. Samsonov, S. In Mathematics of Planet Earth pp. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Walter, T. The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page.

Clicking on the small images will load the full dpi map. Very small-scale maps such as world maps are not included. The maps database originated over 30 years ago, but was only recently updated and connected to our main database.

We welcome users to tell us if they see incorrect information or other problems with the maps; please use the Contact GVP link at the bottom of the page to send us email. The following samples associated with this volcano can be found in the Smithsonian's NMNH Department of Mineral Sciences collections , and may be availble for research contact the Rock and Ore Collections Manager.

Catalog number links will open a window with more information. Figure 4. Seismic activity at Vesuvius during 1 January November , showing the monthly number of events histogram and strain release line. Composite cone volcanoes are also called stratovolcanoes.

They form when different types of eruptions deposit different materials around the sides of a volcano. Alternating eruptions of volcanic ash and lava cause layers to form. Over time these layers build up. The result is a cone that has a gentler slope than a cinder cone but is steeper than a shield volcano.

Helens is an example of a composite cone volcano. Also called a scoria cone. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit.

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